主题简介:
处理日志是运维工作必不可少的一环。但是在规模化场景下,grep、awk 无法快速发挥作用,Hadoop 又更偏向于固定模式的离线统计。我们需要一种高效、灵活的日志分析方式,可以给故障处理,根源定位提供秒级的响应。基于全文搜索引擎 Lucene 构建的 ELKstack 平台,是目前开源界最接近该目标的实现。
Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana(ELK)是一套开源的日志管理方案,分析网站的访问情况时我们一般会借助Google/百度/CNZZ等方式嵌入JS做数据统计,但是当网站访问异常或者被攻击时我们需要在后台分析如Nginx的具体日志,而Nginx日志分割/GoAccess/Awstats都是相对简单的单节点解决方案,针对分布式集群或者数据量级较大时会显得心有余而力不足,而ELK的出现可以使我们从容面对新的挑战。
- Logstash:负责日志的收集,处理和储存
- Elasticsearch:负责日志检索和分析
- Kibana:负责日志的可视化
ELK 使用场景介绍
日志其实是运维工程师打交道很多很多的一个东西了。一般来说,日志有三个用途:
- 找问题,以数据为数据导向。
- 做监控
- 安全审计
目前Splunk是这个大数据分析领域的一枝独秀,上市到现在都已经百亿美元市值了。不过 Splunk 很贵,每GB高达4500美元。ELK 就是在这种场景下,用来替代 Splunk 的开源产品。
ELK stack是以Elasticsearch,Logstash,Kibana三个开源软件为主的数据处理工具链,三者通常是配合使用,而且又先后归于Elastic.co公司名下。 ELK stack 具有如下几个优点: 1.处理方式灵活。Elasticsearch是实时全文索引,不需要像Storm那样预先编程才能使用。 2.配置简易上手。Elasticsearch全部采用JSON接口,Logstash是Ruby DSL设计。 3.检索性能高效。虽然每次查询都是实时计算,但是优秀的设计和实现基本可以达到百亿级数据查询的秒级响应。 4.集群线性扩展。不管是Elasticsearch集群还是Logstash集群都是可以线性扩展的。 5.前端操作可视化便利。鼠标点击搜索即可完成搜索,聚合,生成仪表盘。ELK架构:
部署机器: 服务端: dev-vhost031 10.59.74.54 ( logstash-1.5.4,elasticsearch-1.7.1,kibana-4.1.1 ) 客户端: dev-vhost011 10.59.74.33 (logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1)目的,将客户端zabbix server 访问日志在ELK中展示.
安装ELK:
服务端:
设置FQDN(创建SSL证书的时候需要配置FQDN):
[root@dev-vhost011 ~]# hostname dev-vhost011[root@dev-vhost011 ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 10.59.74.54 elk.test.com elk安装Java 1.8:
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.6 (Final)[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# java -versionopenjdk version "1.8.0_65"OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_65-b17)OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.65-b01, mixed mode)安装 elasticsearch-1.7.1:
#下载安装[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.1.noarch.rpm#启动相关服务[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch start[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch stop#查看elasticsearch配置文件[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# rpm -qc elasticsearch/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml/etc/elasticsearch/logging.yml/etc/init.d/elasticsearch/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch/usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/elasticsearch.conf #查看端口使用情况[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# netstat -tunlpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 :::9300 :::* LISTEN 14585/java tcp 0 0 :::9200 :::* LISTEN 14585/java
安装Kibana 4.1.1:
#下载tar包[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz#解压[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# pwd/data1/elk[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# tar xf kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# ln -s /data1/elk/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64 kibana#创建kibana服务[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# cat /etc/init.d/kibana #!/bin/bash### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides: kibana# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5# Default-Stop: 0 1 6# Short-Description: Runs kibana daemon# Description: Runs the kibana daemon as a non-root user### END INIT INFO# Process nameNAME=kibanaDESC="Kibana4"PROG="/etc/init.d/kibana"# Configure location of Kibana binKIBANA_BIN=/data1/elk/kibana/bin #注意路径# PID InfoPID_FOLDER=/var/run/kibana/PID_FILE=/var/run/kibana/$NAME.pidLOCK_FILE=/var/lock/subsys/$NAMEPATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:$KIBANA_BINDAEMON=$KIBANA_BIN/$NAME# Configure User to run daemon processDAEMON_USER=root# Configure logging locationKIBANA_LOG=/var/log/kibana.log# Begin ScriptRETVAL=0if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then echo "You need root privileges to run this script" exit 1fi# Function library. /etc/init.d/functions start() { echo -n "Starting $DESC : "pid=`pidofproc -p $PID_FILE kibana` if [ -n "$pid" ] ; then echo "Already running." exit 0 else # Start Daemonif [ ! -d "$PID_FOLDER" ] ; then mkdir $PID_FOLDER fidaemon --user=$DAEMON_USER --pidfile=$PID_FILE $DAEMON 1>"$KIBANA_LOG" 2>&1 & sleep 2 pidofproc node > $PID_FILE RETVAL=$? [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && success || failureecho [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch $LOCK_FILE return $RETVAL fi}reload(){ echo "Reload command is not implemented for this service." return $RETVAL}stop() { echo -n "Stopping $DESC : " killproc -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON RETVAL=$?echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f $PID_FILE $LOCK_FILE} case "$1" in start) start;; stop) stop ;; status) status -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON RETVAL=$? ;; restart) stop start ;; reload)reload;; *)# Invalid Arguments, print the following message. echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}" >&2exit 2 ;;esac#修改启动权限[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/kibana#启动kibana服务[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# /etc/init.d/kibana start[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# /etc/init.d/kibana status#查看端口[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# netstat -tunlp Active Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5601(默认,可以改为80) 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15128/node
安装logstash 1.5.4
#下载安装[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/packages/centos/logstash-1.5.4-1.noarch.rpm[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# yum localinstall logstash-1.5.4-1.noarch.rpm#设置ssl,之前设置的FQDN是elk.test.com[root@dev-vhost031 tls]# pwd/etc/pki/tls[root@dev-vhost031 tls]# openssl req -subj '/CN=elk.test.com/' -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt[root@dev-vhost031 certs]# pwd/etc/pki/tls/certs[root@dev-vhost031 certs]# ls -l logstash-forwarder.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1103 Nov 23 22:46 logstash-forwarder.crt#创建一个01-logstash-initial.conf文件[root@dev-vhost031 conf.d]# cat 01-logstash-initial.conf input { lumberjack { port => 5000 type => "logs" ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt" ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key" }}filter { if [type] == "syslog" { grok { match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" } add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ] add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ] } syslog_pri { } date { match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ] } } if [type] == "nginx" { grok { match => { "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}" } } }}output { elasticsearch { index => "zabbix-access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" host => localhost } stdout { codec => rubydebug }}#启动logstash服务[root@dev-vhost031 conf.d]# /etc/init.d/logstash start[root@dev-vhost031 conf.d]# /etc/init.d/logstash stop#查看端口 [root@dev-vhost031 conf.d]# netstat -tunlp Active Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 :::9301 :::* LISTEN 4381/java tcp 0 0 :::5000 :::* LISTEN 4381/java #启动客户端logstash(后面会讲解客户端)[root@dev-vhost011 ~]# /etc/init.d/logstash-forwarder start [root@dev-vhost011 ~]# /etc/init.d/logstash-forwarder status#访问kibanahttp://10.59.74.54:5601/#增加节点和客户端配置一样,注意同步证书/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt
客户端安装logstash-forwarder :
#安装客户端[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash-forwarder/binaries/logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# yum localinstall logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm#查看配置文件[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# rpm -qc logstash-forwarder/etc/logstash-forwarder.conf#备份配置文件[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# cp /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf.save#编辑配置文件[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# cat /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf{ "network": { "servers": [ "elk.test.com:5000" ], "ssl ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt", "timeout": 15 }, "files": [ { "paths": [ "/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure" ], "fields": { "type": "syslog" } }, { "paths": [ "/var/log/nginx/log/zabbix.access.log" ], "fields": { "type": "nginx" } } ]}
配置nginx 策略
#服务端增加patterns[root@dev-vhost031 ]# mkdir /opt/logstash/patterns/[root@dev-vhost031 patterns]# cat nginx NGUSERNAME [a-zA-Z\.\@\-\+_%]+NGUSER %{NGUSERNAME}NGINXACCESS %{IPORHOST:remote_addr} - - \[%{HTTPDATE:time_local}\] "%{WORD:method} %{URIPATH:path}(?:%{URIPARAM:param})? HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{INT:status} %{INT:body_bytes_sent} %{QS:http_referer} %{QS:http_user_agent}#官网pattern的debug在线工具https://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/#修改logstash权限[root@dev-vhost031 patterns]# chown -R logstash:logstash /opt/logstash/patterns/#修改服务端配置[root@dev-vhost031 patterns]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-logstash-initial.conf input { lumberjack { port => 5000 type => "logs" ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt" ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key" }}filter { if [type] == "syslog" { grok { match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" } add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ] add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ] } syslog_pri { } date { match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ] } } if [type] == "nginx" { grok { match => { "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}" } } }}output { elasticsearch { index => "zabbix-access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" host => localhost } stdout { codec => rubydebug }}修改Kibana端口
[root@dev-vhost031 config]# pwd/data1/elk/kibana/config[root@dev-vhost031 config]# cat kibana.yml | grep port# Kibana is served by a back end server. This controls which port to use.#port: 5601port: 80
访问Kibana
http://10.59.74.54
参考:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-logstash-and-kibana-to-centralize-logs-on-centos-6 http://blog.csdn.net/longxibendi/article/details/35237543/ https://www.elastic.co/guide